How to pay for college

Understand the cost of college education

When planning for the cost of a college education, it’s a good idea to keep an open mind and consider all options available for your family. Would your child consider attending a public university versus a private one to reduce costs? Are they willing to go a community college for one or two years, then transfer the credits to their dream school? 

College costs generally increase at about twice the rate of inflation, from 5 percent to 8 percent per year. And these costs are already steep. According to collegedata.com, the average tuition and fees for 2022 – 2023 for students are:
 

In addition, you may have to pay for room and board. In 2022 - 2023, average room and board costs for a public four-year college or university full time is $12,310. 

Several other factors may also affect the cost of an education:

• Student's age
• Academic record
• Financial aid opportunities (federal, state)
• Scholarships
• Degree goal
• Housing costs (on- or off-campus)
• Military service

To find out how much you may need to save for a child’s college expenses, use this college savings calculator. 

529 college savings plans

A 529 savings plan is a tax-advantaged savings account that is designed to be used towards the beneficiary’s education costs. Contributions made to a 529 savings plan have already been taxed, and the money can grow and be withdrawn tax-free if it is put towards education expenses such as tuition, books, or room and board. While there are no annual limits for how much you can contribute to a 529 plan, there are maximum lifetime limits per beneficiary that vary by state and range from $235,000 to $529,000.

Coverdell education savings accounts

A Coverdell education savings account (ESA), formerly known as the Education IRA, is like a 529 savings plan in that the contributions can grow tax-free, but there are a few differences. With a Coverdell ESA, families can only contribute a maximum of $2,000 per year per child, and the amount must be used by the time the beneficiary is 30 years old. You will also usually have more investing options than you would with a typical savings account.  

Financial aid 

For most students, having some type of financial aid to help pay for college is an important resource. When you and your child fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), you will get an understanding of what aid you may qualify for, even before your child has made a decision on which university they would like to attend. These are some of the most common forms of financial aid:

Student loans

If you decide to apply for financial aid, you will likely be offered federal student loans in the aid package. Before your child take out any loans, evaluate the type of loans and the terms and conditions. Student loans typically fall into two categories: federal and private student loans. 

• Federal student loans are loans provided to students by the federal government. With federal student loans, payments aren’t required until after you graduate, and interest rates are fixed. 
• Private loans tend to come from banks or credit unions. While private loans may offer more in aid, their interest rates are usually higher, payments may begin while your child is still in school. 

Scholarships and grants

Scholarships and grants may be awarded by a college as part of a financial aid package, or they may be applied for separately. Scholarships tend to be merit-based – meaning they are awarded to students based on achievements, such as academics or athletics. Grants are needs-based according to your family’s economic situation. Both are competitive, and you may need to do some research to find them but it can pay off in the long run.

Work-study jobs

Federal work-study jobs provide part-time work for students while they are enrolled in school. If this is included in a financial package, work-study allows your child to work on-campus jobs around a flexible schedule. Unlike a part-time job, your child is not required to report their work-study earnings on the FAFSA, and therefore will not impact the following year’s financial aid. 

Home equity loans

If you own your home, you may be able to use your home equity to pay for your child’s tuition. A home equity loan may be less expensive than other types of loans, and the interest you pay is tax deductible. However, these loans don’t typically offer flexibility if your financial circumstances should change, so plan to discuss the pros and cons of this option with your Ameriprise financial advisor.

Life insurance

Cash value life insurance is another option that some parents choose as a way to fund education expenses. 

With a permanent life insurance policy, a portion of your premiums go toward the death benefit, while another portion is allocated into a cash value account. You can take out a loan against your cash value (when properly structured2), but it will likely reduce the death benefit. The loan against the policy allows the policy owner to use that loan (i.e., cash-value) however they would like such as paying college expenses.  In addition, the cash value is not calculated into a student’s financial aid package. 

However, a life insurance policy may not be the most affordable option for saving, as it can take time for the cash value to outgrow the cost of premiums, and annual expenses and fees for maintaining the accounts can add up.

Retirement accounts

While some parents choose to utilize their retirement accounts to contribute to their children’s college costs, you’ll want to consider the ramifications prior to going this route. If you withdraw from a retirement account like a 401(k) or a Roth IRA, to fund your child’s college costs,  you may be subject to additional costs, such as income tax or early withdrawal fees and you are impacting your future retirement income.

Talk to an advisor

An Ameriprise financial advisor can help you evaluate your college financial planning options and sort through many of the financial considerations as you plan and save for educational expenses.